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Construction glossary

What is Variance Analysis?

Variance analysis in the construction industry refers to the process of investigating the difference between actual and planned costs, schedules, or resources during a construction project’s life cycle. It focuses on identifying and understanding discrepancies between what was initially proposed and the actual outcome, allowing project managers to spot inefficiencies, control costs, and adjust project goals accordingly. 

For instance, if a construction project was expected to consume $200,000 in materials but actually consumed $250,000, a variance analysis would examine why this $50,000 overspend occurred—whether due to price inflation, inaccurate estimating, or uncontrolled scope changes. It is a crucial tool for proactive project management, allowing early detection of performance issues and enabling timely corrective actions. Understanding the causes of variances also informs future project planning, improving the accuracy of estimates and success rates of subsequent projects.

For subcontractors specifically, variance analysis offers several key benefits that ultimately help to improve overall business performance. Regularly running variance analyses can help:

  • Refine the bidding process by identifying areas where estimates were off, leading to more accurate future bids
  • Aids in cash flow management, allowing subcontractors to better predict and manage their financial resources by anticipating potential overruns or savings
  • Highlight areas for efficiency improvements, potentially increasing profitability
  • Provide concrete support for change order requests when unforeseen circumstances affect project costs
  • Identify potential risks in future projects and develop mitigation strategies
  • Proactively communicate variance causes to general contractors (GCs) or the client, building trust and demonstrating professionalism
  • Inform better resource allocation decisions, ensuring labor and materials are used most effectively across different projects

Effective variance analysis demands comprehensive financial data. Siteline streamlines this process by meticulously tracking change orders and generating precise pay applications, ensuring all A/R functions are accurately documented and seamlessly incorporated into variance calculations. This allows subcontractors to focus their energy on interpreting results and implementing corrective actions, ultimately improving project management and profitability. 

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Other construction terms

Overbillings

What is Overbilling?

Overbilling (or billing in excess of costs) occurs when you’ve invoiced your client for more work than you’ve actually completed or incurred costs for. In other words, it represents getting paid ahead of your work schedule.

Here’s how it works: If you’re a concrete subcontractor on a $100,000 job and you bill 50% upfront ($50,000) but have only completed $30,000 worth of work, that $20,000 difference is your billings in excess of costs. You owe your client that work, and until you complete it, that $20,000 remains as a liability on your balance sheet.

For subcontractors, understanding billing in excess of costs is essential because it can be a strategic cash flow tool when used carefully. For example, when bidding on a job, you can be smart about how you structure your schedule of values (SOV)—breaking work down into more detailed line items that allow earlier billing. However, this strategy requires regular monitoring to ensure:

  • Your billing somewhat aligns with your actual percentage complete, and 
  • The remaining contract value will still cover your remaining costs.

The biggest risk of overbilling is thinking your margins look better than they are, simply because you’re collecting cash faster. Surety companies and lenders also scrutinize overbillings closely, as excessive amounts can signal poor project management or potential cash flow problems down the road.

With Siteline, you can easily track whether you’re billing in excess of your costs by pulling your month-to-month incurred costs and comparing them against your billing progress. This real-time visibility helps ensure you’re billing appropriately while maintaining realistic profitability expectations. If you’re interested in seeing for yourself, schedule a personalized demo of Siteline here.

Payment Bond

What is a Payment Bond?

A payment bond is a type of surety bond commonly used in the construction industry to guarantee that subcontractors, laborers, and material suppliers will be paid for their work and materials on a project—even if the prime contractor faces financial difficulties. This security allows subcontractors to manage their cash flow more effectively and take on projects with reduced financial risk. Additionally, payment bonds help prevent the need for subcontractors to file liens against the property, which can be a complex and time-consuming process.

For subcontractors, working on bonded projects requires attention to detail in documentation and adherence to specific procedures. They must maintain accurate records of work performed and materials supplies, as these may be necessary to support a claim against the bond if payment issues arise. Therefore, subcontractors must familiarize themselves with the bond’s terms, claim processes, and any statutory limitations or notice requirements.

To that end, implementing a solution, like Siteline, to centralize financial data—including bond-related information—across all your projects is incredibly helpful in managing payment bonds. Siteline can also:

  • Track payment schedules and alerting users to potential delays
  • Provide cash flow forecasts that account for bond-secured payments
  • Offer insights into project financial health to preempt payment issues

To see how Siteline can streamline your payment bond management—and your billing and collections workflows as a whole�request a personalized demo today!

Indirect Costs

What are Indirect Costs?

Indirect costs, in the context of the construction industry, are expenses not directly tied to a specific project, but are essential for the overall operation of a construction firm. They represent the expenditures that do not contribute to the building process directly, yet they are crucial for the smooth running of projects. Such costs could include administrative expenses like office rent, utilities, and salaries of personnel not active on the field but are involved in management, planning, or supervision. Other examples include insurance, security, equipment depreciation, and legal fees. Understanding indirect costs is key to accurate budgeting and financial control in construction projects. Failure to consider these costs can lead to a significant underestimation of the actual project cost, leading to financial losses. Therefore, contractors need to accurately factor indirect costs into their pricing to secure profitability.

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