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Markup in the construction industry refers to the percentage increase added to the actual costs of construction projects to determine the selling price. The markup covers overhead expenses, such as administrative costs, and ensures the contractor makes a profit from the project. The percentage can vary greatly based on factors like the complexity of the project, competition in the local market, and the contractor's reputation and experience. Careful consideration is needed when deciding the markup as too high can make a contractor's bid uncompetitive, while too low may not cover all expenses or allow for a reasonable profit margin. A good understanding of the project, accurate cost estimations, and market research are crucial for determining an appropriate markup.

Unit Price Billing is a method used in the construction industry where costs are determined based on agreed-upon rates for specific types of work. This method means you pay for materials and labor based on the quantity used or amount of time expended. For instance, if you're building a skyscraper, payment might be determined by a set price for every square foot of construction rather than a lump sum for the entire project. Unit Price Billing allows for more flexibility as changes occur during construction, with pricing adjustments made according to altered quantities. It provides transparency and can potentially lead to cost savings if actual quantities are less than projected.

A cost overrun, in the context of the construction industry, refers to the excess amount that needs to be spent over the initially agreed or budgeted cost for completing a particular project. It’s an unanticipated increase in costs that occurs due to various factors such as inaccurate estimation, changes in project scope, unforeseen challenges, or increase in material or labor costs. In essence, it’s when the actual cost of the project exceeds the estimated cost. It is critical to manage and minimize cost overruns as they can seriously impact the overall profitability and success of a construction project. Effective project management, regular monitoring, vigilant control measures, and contingency planning are some strategies to mitigate such cost overruns in construction projects.