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A Surety, in the context of the construction industry, refers to a third-party entity that provides a guarantee or assurance to a project owner or client that a contractor will fulfill all obligations outlined in a contract. It is typically seen in the form of a surety bond, which protects the project owner against financial losses if the contractor fails to perform or complete the project as per their contractual obligations. The surety bears the risk of contractor's default and is legally responsible to either finance the project to completion or find an alternative contractor. The use of surety is common in projects, especially public construction projects, to ensure their successful completion.

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, is an accounting standard that provides a comprehensive, industry-neutral revenue recognition model intended to increase financial statement comparability across companies and industries. For the construction industry, it has substantial implications as it changes how and when revenue from contracts is recognized. Under this model, construction companies recognize revenue by transferring promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration they expect to receive. ASC 606 can affect a construction company's financial statements, operations, and tax obligations. It demands that companies disclose more detailed revenue and contract information than before. Therefore, understanding ASC 606 is critical for construction industry stakeholders to assess a company's performance and future prospects accurately.

Direct labor in the construction industry refers to the workforce directly involved in the construction, alteration or development of a project. This primarily includes on-site workers like carpenters, bricklayers, electricians, plumbers, concrete finishers, steel workers and others who are hands-on in assembling, fabricating, and finishing physical components of a constructed entity. These are the personnel who directly contribute to the construction process by physically constructing or installing components of the project. The expenses incurred for this labor force, including their wages, benefits, and any associated costs, are considered as direct labor costs. It is crucial as the effectiveness and efficiency of the direct labor can greatly impact the project's quality, cost, and timeline. Therefore, project managers in the construction industry often focus a great deal on managing and optimizing direct labor.